A portrait of a princess who underwent this process hangs in the Louvre Museum (Figure 2). Similarly, it was the practice in the House of Este in the 1400s to place restrictive ties known as “bandeau” at birth on the heads of the royal newborns. These devices were placed soon after birth and kept in place for months to years to create a permanent cranial deformity that was interpreted as a mark of distinction. Infants of the tribal leaders were noted to have their heads constrained by wooden sticks and rope (Figure 1). In 1805, the Lewis and Clark expedition encountered the Chinook tribe at the mouth of the Columbia River.
#Misshapen meaning manual
Taking advantage of the rapid head growth and malleable skull unique to the newborn period, individuals have applied constrictive devices (wooden boards, stones placed in a crib, ties, manual molding) over the past centuries to intentionally and permanently deform a child's skull. Of particular historical interest is the practice of intentional cranial deformation, “the process of dynamic distortion of the normal vectors of infantile neurocranial growth through the agency of externally applied forces” (1).
#Misshapen meaning series
Hippocrates described in detail a people referred to as the “Macrocephales.” Even in modern times, the television series “Saturday Night Live” entertained viewers with their comic series “The Coneheads.” Archaeologists have found artistic renderings of the imposing heads of Neanderthals who lived 45 000 years ago. Man's fascination with misshapen heads dates back to prehistoric times. You settle down – step down.Historical Perspective: “Intentional Cranial Deformation” “You hit bottom, and you automatically rebound some, but then you don’t come out of it in a V-shape recovery or anything like that. In an interview with Reuters news agency, Soros said: He was describing a country that had been “slipping in and out of recession for a prolonged period, perhaps 3-4 years or more.”īillionaire financier George Soros once described a recession as an ‘ inverted square root sign‘ shaped recession. Mike Shedlock, a financial blogger, used the term WW-shaped recession. Over the years, people have used a range of different terms to describe economic performance. It is flat like the flat horizontal line at the bottom of a capital ‘L.’ The steep decline precedes a long period during which the economy is flat. In some cases, it can take more than a decade for strong growth to come back. In other words, it does not return to trend line growth for a long time. L-shaped recoveryĪn L-shaped recovery or recession occurs when the economy has a severe and prolonged slowdown. We can say either U-shaped recovery or U-shaped recession. You know, maybe there’s some bumpy stuff in the bottom, but you don’t come out of the bathtub for a long time.” Simon Johnson made the following comment when he was the International Monetary Fund’s Chief Economist: With a U-shaped recovery, the trough is not as clearly defined. However, a strong recovery comes immediately after the trough. There is then a clearly defined trough at the bottom. V-shaped recoveryĪ V-shaped recovery is one where there is a short, sharp period of declining economic activity.
A W-shaped recovery, in fact, is just one of them. There are many shapes for economic performance terms.
In a W-shaped recovery, the chart shows two economic declines and two recoveries – in this order: Decline -> Recovery -> Decline -> Recovery. Your pen will slide downwards twice and upwards twice. The former points to the troughs while the latter points to the peaks in the letter ‘W.’ When you are writing a letter ‘W’, imagine that path your pen takes is the same as the economy. The term W-shaped recession has the same meaning as W-shaped recovery. When you read the term double-dip recession, it means the same as W-shaped recovery. However, that measure triggered another slowdown in the economy. Its central bank, the Federal Reserve, subsequently raised interest rates to control inflation. The US economy came out of recession in 1981. We can observe a W-shaped recovery in an economic performance chart of the USA during the early 1980s. This may occur when inflation or interest rates fluctuate widely. We commonly see a W-shaped recovery during periods of extreme volatile economic activity. In other words, back-to-back rises and declines in economic activity. A W-shaped recovery describes a chart that shows two economic recessions and recoveries.
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